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Community film
Community Film is a variety of practices and approaches which emerged in the 1970s that claim to interrogate and challenge the dominant use of "film" and "cinema" in association with a global, big budget "industry". DeeDee Halleck noted in her 2002 book "It's one thing to critique the mass media and rail against their abuses. It's quite another to create viable alternatives." Community film takes up that challenge at a local and global ("transnational") level; and further builds on the pioneering work of ''Many Voices, One World'' Report undertaken by UNESCO's International Commission for the Study of Communication problems, chaired by Sean MacBride, and its subsequent deliberations. Outside the global communications field, community film operates within education and community work environments; and in another direction as a contribution to the human rights movement, and more overtly political, campaigning, or advocacy work on behalf of individuals and communities.
== Debates about community film "groups" and individual self-expression ==
Many of the debates which occur in the "community film" field - as "theory" or as "practice" - can also be observed in discussion of cultural studies and community media. This article refers to twenty academic writers who have discussed the topic, and the broader field of enquiry; we aim to outline the common principles that describe the dominant practices that are observed in community film work. For a more methodological approach to the process of participatory production that links with development studies the article on Participatory Video and the "Fogo process" is recommended.
A useful starting point is to note that "Community film" entails collaborative discourses and co-operative approaches, rather than the primacy of individual self-expression, which some critics have stated to be drivers for growth of entertainment-driven social media. The kind of cyber-scepticism in Evgeny Morozov's ''The Net Delusion'' appears to be more around social networking and whether it has the genuine potential to change civil and political life. The emphasis in some quarters on the value and impact of collaborative creativity or "mass innovation" is a more productive starting point for the discussion of the future impact of community projects in interactive digital contexts.
A cautionary note should be understood at this point: the emphasis on community does not entail that the individual does not have a valued role; or lose his/her identity. The positive dimension suggests that the individual grows by virtue of community interaction. At best, collaborative film work balances speaking and listening; creating and criticizing.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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